Language Is A Way Of Life Essay - 1509 Words

When you think of language you may not realize that language and thought both collide and compliment each other. Language is unique as we are born into the world, we begin to develop and learn the language that is bestowed upon us as we are growing. Language gives people a glimpse into the lives of individuals, because different places have different languages and ways of speaking. Language isn’t only who we are, language represents what we’re thinking and where we are from as people. Language is not only the verbs and words we use, the colors we see and the way people speak also tie into language and thought. Language is special because throughout the world there are different languages and different ways people speak. There is even sign language that is unique in it’s own way because it doesn’t involve speech. Language in itself is a way of life and vital in day to day lives, it influences our thought process, helps us communicate our thoughts, helps us decode what others say to us, and shapes our perception. As a matter of fact, i was reading an article by Lera Boroditsky as she talked about how language indeed influences our thought process and that people who speak different languages will think differently. People who speak different languages also think it, and that goes for us English speakers as well. When people think, they think of; sounds, images, smells, shapes, etc, which makes it hard to explain when trying to explain it through words. You can always thinkShow MoreRelatedImportance Of English Language Arts Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is English Language Arts? How does it differ from English, the language itself? English Language Arts is not a language, but it is the study of communicating thoughts. Every subject is important in school; each demonstrates a particular skill in education, but Language Arts builds complexity of a person’s learning. Speaking, reading, and writing are all components of languag e arts. Having these skills are important; the first thing an interviewer notices is one’s ability to articulate, and learningRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin If Black English IsnT A Language, Then Tell Me What Is930 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin† If Black English Isn’t a Language, then Tell Me What Is† In â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me What Is† James Baldwin argues that black English provides a distinctive view of experience. Baldwin reveals the way language shapes and is formed by life’s circumstances. According to Baldwin, a language allows a group to define and express who they are from their own point of view, instead of having their reality expressed by another group. He used examples like how peopleRead MoreLanguage: Helen Keller, Frederick Douglass , Amy Tan1635 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage is a very import part in our life, we carry it with us through all the steps, processes, moments experiences of our life, language built us and make us grow and the most important thing is that it grows with us, changes, modifies itself, and becomes more appropriate and specific. As we pointed out language help us to create and understand the world around us, gives meaning to everything and gives birth to emotions and feelings; a world without language would be meaningless and very lonelyRead MoreHunger of Memory, by Richard Rodriguez1459 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Communication Language is a communication method that makes everything easy to communicate with others. The language barrier is the biggest challenge and hurdle of most people whom their English is a second language. Growing up in a family with parents that only speak another language could be viewed very similarly to a double-edged sword. This challenge with society forces people to learn the English language. Although there a lot of difficulties with the second language, eventually the transitionRead MoreComing Into Language Essay example1070 Words   |  5 PagesComing into Language â€Å"There is more pleasure to building castles in the air than on the ground.† This quote by Edward Gibbon illustrates the intensity of writing and what gratification it can hold. When one writes, they are not confined to one certain formula. A person is able to express their thoughts and feelings in any way they choose. Language is a border for many people in that some cannot comprehend a certain language, understand how to use it, or recognize what is being said to them. On theRead MoreRelationship Between Language And Culture1678 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage in Culture The relationship between language and culture is as old as mankind itself. Throughout the centuries, people and their living practices have evolved, resulting in wide-reaching changes in socialite culture. According to many individuals around the world, language is one of the epitomes of life, a source of connection to or divorce from the face of public. Anyone who has had to navigate through the plethora tongues around the world knows that the revelations of the Tower of BabelRead MoreLanguage Bridges And Barriers Of Language1435 Words   |  6 Pages Language Bridges and Barriers Language can be a barrier or a bridge depending on how one facilitates its use. Being monolingual hinders communication with others who speak a different language while being bilingual can create a bridge between nations, ethnicities, and cultures. Unfortunately, this â€Å"bridge† is being threatened by legislation that impedes minorities, the first amendment, diversity, and the quality of education received in the U.S. Therefore, my stance is that the U.S. should notRead MoreLanguage : The Power Of Language1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe Power Of Language What is the meaning of language? How big the role of language in your life? Have you ever realize the impact of language in your life? In my opinion, language is not as simple as people seen in general. Usually the way people see language just as a tool for communicating with others. For me, behind the general usage of language, it also has a big role in our life because a language has the power to stand and show each person’s identity. Inside the Gloria Anzaldua’s essay â€Å"HowRead MoreDecolonizing The Mind By Ngugi Wa ThhiogO Summary1197 Words   |  5 Pagesimages, conditions a child to see that world a certain way, the colonial child was made to see the world and where he stands in it as seen and defined by or reflected in the culture of the language of imposition.† When reading â€Å"Decolonizing the Mind† was published by an African author named, Ngugi wa Thiog’o†. He takes an interesting approach on how he captures his audiencesâ₠¬â„¢ attention, he does this by showing the impact of simply changing ones language can have on a community as a whole. Ngugi uses variousRead MoreThe Language Came Into My Life1061 Words   |  5 PagesOct23, 2015:â€Æ' â€Å"The Language Came into My Life† is an autobiography of the Hellen Keller- a woman who lost her hearing ability and vision when she was an 18 months old baby. The loss of the two very important senses pushed her into a very critical situation where she had a very limited interaction and understanding of the world. She had a very small world based on her own perception, where she had her parents, siblings and some other things, but she was unable to have a name for the things she could

Clash of Virtues in Othello Essay - 2292 Words

Clash of Virtues in Othello Perhaps it is just human nature, but people have a way of going to absolute extremes. Whether exhibiting severity in the way one loves, or the way one is loyal, or the way one strives for ambitions, people, in general, have a tendency to take their emotions or actions all the way. Its an exhibition of passion. Being an expert on the human condition, no one knows or can illustrate this better than Shakespeare. Particularly in his tragedies, Shakespeare very precisely defines aspects of the human condition. He additionally exhibits the polarity of those conditions, and the consequences when they interact with their opposites. Shakespeares beautiful tragedy Othello is a particularly good example of†¦show more content†¦But Iago goes into an in-depth explanation of how he plans to feign loyalty to Othello to accomplish his own ends (which are never specifically identified). He also disparages those who are honest and true to their masters and superiors. The fact that the play op ens like this sets a negative tone for the rest of the action to follow. The viewer immediately is confronted with a face of evil. That face is the one to take the audience by the hand and lead it through the horrible action of the play. Evil becomes the framework for the play right off the bat. Opening the play this way also taints the audiences view of Othello. Though he does so soon enough, at this point Iago has not yet discredited himself. The audience, in this early point in the play, has no reason to refute what he has to say about Othello. This provides for the audience to form preconceived notions about Othello, and puts him in the context of evil. Shakespeare could have put this scene after the audience meets Othello, making Iago a secondary character, thus making his evil a secondary influence rather than the driving force. But by leading off the work with notions of hatred and betrayal towards Othello, Shakespeare puts Iago, and forces of evil, in the drivers seat for the action of the play, and diminishes the value of Othellos honor and innocence. Iagos control (as opposed to title character Othello) suggests that what he representsShow MoreRelated Traditions and Values of Western Culture Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagescountry. People enter our country with their own heritage which can not be taken away but they must be willing to learn the culture of the new country where they live. Rose says that This painful but generative mix of language and story can result in clash and dislocation in our communities, but it also gives rise to new speech, new stories, and once we appreciate the richness of it, new invitations to literacy(107). The literature of the past helps to explain our history. These works expand on theRead MoreHomosexuality in Victorian and Elizabethan Literature.6608 Words   |  27 Pageslike the Victorian era, had its own view of homosexuality. Iago, a man with the tongue of a serpent, is believed to be homosexual, and because of his homosexuality, he brings to fruition the tragic deaths of the the main charact ers in Shakespeares Othello. These depictions of homosexuality and gay men are not far from what really happens to them in todays society, and are also not far off from the arguments that are used in opposition of their lives and lifestyles.There is the argument of NurtureRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesstarlet, that she wishes to be a â€Å"role model† for girls. Nude photos scandal. Parents whose children are ardent fans of the High School Musical franchise dismayed and condemn her BUT Hardly her intention human and fallible †¢ Celebrities, by virtue of the other privileges they enjoy, should bear greater social responsibility as equal exchange †¢ Media just as culpable (for seeking attention-grabbing story to ensure wider readership) for deliberately sensationalizing these negative behaviours

Management and Employment Relations Free Essays

string(88) " cultivations of mutual respect and confidence between employers, employees and unions\." The history of management is being traced with difficulties and it is only seen as a modern conceptualization. This difficulty contributes to its ideally possiveness nature. In premodern past context it is traceable back to Sumerian traders and builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Employment Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Full exploitation and motivation of slaves faced problems. Many pre-industrial enterprises in their small-scale nature were never compelled to face issues of management. With increased scale of commercial operations devoid of mechanized record keeping and recording, management functions were unavailable. Management as an act involves the process of directing and controlling a group of people for purposes of achieving coordination and harmony of the group towards attaining a goal, which is far beyond the scope of individual efforts. Potential human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources are deployed and manipulated through management[1]. The possibility of personifying the act of management also exists whereby the person or a team of persons performing this act is or are referred to as management and has to do with power by its nature and position. Functionally, management entails the art of getting things done through people: action of weighing a quantity on regular basis and adjusting the initial plan and the action taken to reach the overall intended goal. The functions and roles of management therefore entail planning, organizing, leading or motivating and controlling or coordinating all resources in the working place[2]. Management falls under the following categories: human resource management, operations or production management, strategic management, financial management and information technology management.   Human resource management carries the grater weight in employment relations. Its importance is seen in understanding and developing its context concept, to assess and explain its impact on organizational performance and employment well being and to contribute to the dissemination of good practice. The role of management in employment relations can be explained by the context of communication in the work place. Employees must be treated with applicable laws and regulations of the countries and regions in which it operates. Communications between management and employees is essential in conveying management policies to employees and encouraging employees to voice their options[3]. This impacts the active rather than passive agency role of the management being the representative of the employer. These concepts are of vital importance in employment cycle. Employment in this context refers to the contract between two parties one being the employer and the other one the employee. The employee refers to a person in the service of another. Under any contract of hirer express or applied, oral or written where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed[4]. In a profit oriented setting the aim of the employer is creation of valued produces at reasonable cost, and providing rewarding employment opportunities for employees. In unprofit setting the ultimate goal is to keep faith of the donors. Other areas of employment include the public and household sectors. It is in view of this harmony that the active role of the management should be felt in any working environment. Communication between management as the employers’ representative and employees should show shared responsibilities called co-determinations. There are specific areas of concern and address during the discussion between the two parties they include; pay of wages, bonuses, the work environment, disputes, work schedules, grievances, health and safety, working hours and production targets. The aim of these discussions is an achievement of a more harmonious working relationship sometimes-major employment relations dispute may arise. Whenever problems start to arise in a company a successful management-employment relations involve striking a balance in nearly all situations. The employer has the right to manage that is the ability to plan for the future so that the company can continue moving to make profits and to keep employees motivated. Form the employees’ viewpoint best possible conditions must be secured and good living standards made not a dream. High labour turnover, bad time keeping, high levels of absenteeism, slackness of individuals, poor working, deliberate time working in similar practices are evident in situations where employees are unhappy with the working conditions[5]. Other evidences of discontent will be revealed in complain, friction, ignoring rules and apathy for unappropriate management system to gain the intended meaning must strive to attain the following qualifications: attraction of the most qualified employees and matching them to the jobs for which there are best suited since this is significant for the success of any organization[6]. However, there arises some technical problems in many large enterprises due to their size this aspect of too large size of an enterprise deter possible close contact between top management and employees this connection is otherwise provided for by human resource managers training managers and labour relations managers. In an effort to enhance immorality and productivity while limiting job turnover, helping organization increase performance and improve business results they are of vital help to the organization they also help the firms effectively in using employees skills, provide training and development opportunities, improve those skills and improve employees satisfaction with their jobs and working conditions. Dealing with people through physical interaction is an important part of the job although some jobs in the human resources field require only limited contact between the people outside the office. The importance of management in employment relations on an active capacity is further highlighted through creation of labour unions and its incorporation in the constitution in the name of labour laws. This has been evident in all regions countries and states all over the world for the purpose of improving the quality of working life for individuals and creates condition for business success. Employers, employees and unions must deal with one another in an honest and open atmosphere. This in essence bears results such as follows: promotion of good employment relation and cultivations of mutual respect and confidence between employers, employees and unions. You read "Management and Employment Relations" in category "Essay examples" It also sets the environment for individual and collective employment relationships. It also sets out requirements for the negotiation and content of collective and individual employment agreements. It also provides prompt and flexible options for resolving problems in employment relations. There are a number of undiresable trade union action such as withdrawal of good will, go slow, working strictly to the rules set out in work rule books and sticking rigidly to only doing tasks set out clearly in a job description, refusing to work overtime, going on a strike and many others[7]. All this actions reduce companies’ profitability and its ability and fulfill orders, they harm employment prospects, reduce wages of employees they lead to festering discontent and cause problems for customers and economy as a whole. This is a practical scenario in the current working places and it reflects negative picture of interaction in the working places. It is therefore, very important to create a harmonious working environment for the benefit all the concerned. Good practices and models of a harmonious working practice should be exhibited in a true structure of employment relation. In an effort in building trust as a manager it is paramount to display the following characteristics: keeping promises, have ethics, telling people the truth, being fair and honest, treating employees as adults while showing appreciation for their ideas and for the work they do, involve employees in planning and problems solving, give employees important work and support them to implement. In an effort to achieve a successful structure of management – employment relations’ labour or employment laws have been enacted. Labour laws Labors laws also known as employment laws refers elaborately to a body of administrative ruling and prescient which focuses to address the legal rights and restriction on the working people and their organizations and as such it mediates may aspects of the relationships between trade unions, employers and employees. They are in some countries restricted to ununionized work places, as is the case in Canada. But in most other countries no such restrictions is made. Two broad categories of labour laws exist; collective labour law which relates to tripartite relationship between employee employer and union. Individual labour law concerns employees’ rights at work and through the contract for work[8]. Employment laws include all areas of the employer employee relationship except the negotiation process covered by labour law and collective bargaining. It consists thousands of federal and state statues, administration regulation and judicial decision.   Most of these laws such as minimum wage regulation were enacted as protective labour legislation. The functioning and origins of labour laws is oriented towards strikes, pickets, boycotts, unofficial industrial action Labour laws in Australia The federal parliament in Australia is empowered by the constitution to make laws concerning conciliation and arbitration for the settlement and prevention of industrial disputes extending beyond the limit of any one state. The laws made with respect to trading and financial corporations fall within the limits of the commonwealth and foreign corporations. Industrial relations systems and wages setting have been enhanced by this system also known as work choice, which came into operation in 2006[9]. Work choices legislation act in Australia The most comprehensive shakeups of industrial relations since federation were the results of the successful introduction and passing of work choices legislation in Australia in December 2005[10]. The industrial and employment circulars underwent permanent and long-term changes. These changes are explained in the following dimension: federal systems of industrial relations were successful and completely replaced with the unitary system of industrial relations: an emphasis on Australian economy away from the wages and conditions; transitional arrangement and changes to Awards and Agreements; awards were reduced drastically, Australia Fair Pay Commission was set up with the main aim of determination of minimum wages and conditions of employees, the powers of Australian Industrial Relation Commission were greatly reduced to an extent of being rendered redundant, flexible work practices were introduced and the ability to cash out some benefits such as annual leave[11]. The consequences were some problems with work place health and safety application; new dismissal provision which were less straightforward as they may have been trumpeted. New transmission of business rules that is buying and selling business plus all the people incorporated in the business. Union restriction and the scrapping the no disadvantage test. All these changes brought about complexity and consequently bearing some effects on businesses along the following orientations. Small business holders were subjected to the understanding of the broader concepts of employer obligations to the employees applicable to their unique business situation.   The employers take great care before taking a step towards termination of an employee’s service. Great care, advice and consultation became a prerequisite since the work place legislations empowered the employees to claim compensation against unlawful dismissal and discrimination. These laws applied to the especially small business with as less as a hundred employees and therefore constitute the retail in Australia. The workforce legislation in Australia further favoured these minority employees in the retail industry in a sense that the cost of defending discrimination and dismissal claim by the employer is dramatically higher than the unfair dismissal itself. In conclusion; the changing of the awards and agreements provided for by the work choice legislation added a layer of complexity to the businesses which extended upto the end of the transitional face which extended up to five years. An investor intending to buy a business was supposed to be ready for the transmission of business changes and the business owner had to grapple to the new layer of complexity. References Catanzariti, J. Baragwanath, M. 1997. Workplace Relations Act: A User-friendly Guide. Manly, NSW, Newsletter Information Services. Cranny, C., Smith, P. Stone, E. 1992. Job Satisfaction. New York: Lexington. Creighton, B. Stewart, A. 1994. Labour Law – An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Leichhardt, NSW. Federation Press. Guite, T. 1999. Strategic Human Resource Management. 3rd Ed. McMillan Publishers. London. Lee, M. Sheldon, P. (eds.). 1997. Workplace Relations, Workplace Law Employment Relations. Sidney. Botterworths. Mullins, L. 2005. Management and Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. Harlow. Prentice-Hall. Nilson, C. 2003. How to Manage Training: A Guide to Design and Delivery for High Performance. 3rd Ed. New York. Amacom. Pocock, Barbara Masterman-Smith, Helen. 2005. Work Choices and Women Workers. Journal of Australian Political Economy No.56. Teicher, J., Lambert, R. O’Rourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices: The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. Walter, J. 2006. Strategic Management. Theory: An Integrated Approach. McMillan Publishing Ltd.          [1] Walter, J. 2006. Strategic Management. Theory: An Integrated Approach. McMillan Publishing Ltd. PP.70-73. [2] Nilson, C. 2003. How to Manage Training: A Guide to Design and Delivery for High Performance. 3rd Ed. New York. Amacom. PP.103. [3] Mullins, L. 2005. Management and Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. Harlow. Prentice-Hall. PP.51-58. [4] Catanzariti, J. Baragwanath, M. 1997. Workplace Relations Act: A User-friendly Guide. Manly, NSW, Newsletter Information Services. PP.17. [5] Guite, T. 1999. Strategic Human Resource Management. 3rd Ed. McMillan Publishers. London. PP.41-43. [6] Cranny, C., Smith, P. Stone, E. 1992. Job Satisfaction. New York: Lexington. PP.31-34. [7] Lee, M. Sheldon, P. (eds.). 1997. Workplace Relations, Workplace Law Employment Relations. Sidney. Botterworths. PP.27-37. [8] Creighton, B. Stewart, A. 1994. Labour Law – An Introduction. 2nd Ed. Leichhardt, NSW. Federation Press. PP.9-16. [9] Teicher, J., Lambert, R. O’Rourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices: The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. PP.103-125. [10] Pocock, Barbara Masterman-Smith, Helen. 2005. Work Choices and Women Workers. Journal of Australian Political Economy No.56. PP.124-143. [11] Teicher, J., Lambert, R. O’Rourke, A. (eds.). 2006. Work Choices: The New Industrial Relations Agenda. Sidney, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. PP.103-125.    How to cite Management and Employment Relations, Essay examples

Corporate Level Strategy for Eastman Kodak Co- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Level Strategy for Eastman Kodak Co. Answer: Introduction Fujifilm was founded in the year 1934 as the first Japanese producer of photographic film, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The organization was first based as a form of government plan and with time as it grew so did its technology. All across the years, the company has branched into both commercial and consumer products that is inclusive of printing, photography, data storage devices and life science, all the while having a strong hold on their product line that they are most famous for. In the 1960s, the company was just a regional presence, starting to broaden its focus internationally and playing a distant catch-up to photographic film leader Eastman Kodak Co. However, Kodak went on to become bankrupt and Fujifilm overcame the industry crisis accredited from digitization and is still continuing their growing streak by means of shifting the attention of the management resources from their traditional business to new areas. Fujifilm has been able to transform themselves from being a narrow photographic film supplier to a diversified organization with significant health care and electronic operations (Fujifilm Global 2017). This assignment would be focusing on the analysis of Fujifilms approach inside the changing market and the way they have formulated their stratagem. Most importantly, Fujifilm has been able to implement a successful strategy that has assisted them in maintaining their leadership in film photography, all the while establishing supremacy in apparently unusual business areas for a photo film company. The focus would be on how they have managed innovation and expanded their research and development to broader applications for creating emerging business opportunities in industries like healthcare, electronics and cosmetics. The focus would also be on the analysis of the way they have adapted their portfolio, leveraged their resources and competencies, and have structured the organization through this change. The Initial Situation In the year 2000, the conventional photographic film-related business accounted for approximately 60% of the operational profit in the whole business of Fujifilm. However, after that the demand of camera films saw a drop of 90% in the next 10 years as the digital revolution went on sweeping the world off their feet and ultimately the sales of the photographic film business fell to 1% of the whole sales of Fujifilm in 2011. All of these happened only just in one decade. The first digital moment came in 1975 in the photographic film industry when Kodak found the worlds first digital camera. Incongruously, the technology they presented was the initial cause of the large market shrink inside the photographic film business beginning from 2000 that eventually led Kodak to bankruptcy (Reuters.com 2017). The business segments of Fujifilm include information solutions, imaging solutions and document solutions. In 2000, when the photographic film business was at its peak time, 54% of their whole sales came from their photographic imaging solutions business (that is inclusive of analogue film associated business) and the remaining 46% came from information solutions business, which is inclusive of medical equipment or electronic materials. In the year 2015, the structure of the business in sales with their three core businesses has seen a large change to 38.3% for information solutions segment, 14.5% inside the imaging solutions category, and 47.3% for document solutions that are majorly operated by the allied company Fuji Xerox (Inagaki and Osawa 2012). Kodaks failure The main reason behind the failure of Kodak is that the organization acted like a conventional change resistant Japanese firm at a time when Fujifilm acted like a flexible American one (Estrin 2015). On closer examination of the transition made by Fujifilm away from film brought upon understanding as to how they did it, especially after a lawsuit was filed by Kodak against the Japanese firm with allegations regarding patent infringement. In this context, Kodak has been attempting to monetize their RD in their one core business, which is photography, as their digital imaging sector is accountable for around one-fifth of Fujifilms revenue, across half a decade ago. The success of Fujifilm can act as a warning for American firms regarding the danger of attempting to take the easy way out it should be competition across ones marketing instead of just taking the difficult way of new product development and new businesses. Simultaneously, it also acted as a reminder for the Japanese execu tive that their consistent moroseness and defeatism is inappropriate the organizations of the country are all properly placed for succeeding provided they are willing to reform their businesses. In the 1980s itself Fujifilm had a realization that photography would be going digital. Similar to Kodak, there was a continuation of milking benefits from the films sales, investments in digital technologies and attempts at diversifying into new areas. As late in the 2000s, Fujifilm was counting on a smooth 15 or 20-year decline of film not the simple and sudden free fall that was happening. Inside one decade itself, the film went from 60% of Fujifilm's profits to actually nothing (Munir 2012). The realization came to Fujifilm that they required developing in-house expertise in their new business. In comparison, Kodak was into believing that their core strength lies in branding and marketing and that they have the option of simply partnering or buying their way inside new industries like chemicals and drugs. At the time when sales from the film developing segment and printing was acquired with the help of installation of kiosks for printing digital photos. When Fujifilm had their own system, but Kodak required needing someone for partnering with their firms - and therefore sharing the income. Additionally, Fujifilm got the option of applying the kiosk technology inside their other business in their digital imaging division, which Kodak could not as their technology was not owned by them. Fujifilm was able to strike a deal like where to position their kiosks in Walmart stores, which has given the scale. At present, Fujifilm has control over more than 49% of the photo finish market in America, even though Kodak has a share of juts 15$ in accordance with IBISWorld, a research firm (Economist.com 2012). Fujifilms portfolio Fujifilm has also concentrated on the application of their technologies in different new areas. Fujifilm has been one of the market leaders in the industry till the early millennium due to the emergence of the technologies like digital camera and mobile phones. However, the organization was able to restructure their products and organization which has facilitated the organization in gaining market share. They had diversified their product portfolio so that they can compete with Kodak and the other companies in the market (AM Vermeulen et al. 2016). The new Market segment includes medical diagnosis imaging system and cosmetics, information solution segment has been one of the market industries which growing at a rapid rate. Fujifilm was able to capitalize on this market growth an expand their business in this market segment. The information solution segment consists of products which are used in pharmaceuticals, medical systems, life sciences, regenerative medicine, industrial product s, flat panel display materials, medical systems, graphic systems and recording media. Cosmetics focus The cosmetics category commenced in the year of 2006 which can be considered as the initiation of the structural reform of the organization. Astalift series belongs to the skin care product segment and was launched by Fujifilm in the year of 2007 which facilitated the organization in entering the cosmetic industry. The organization has extended their product line to include base makeup along with the skin care series. Astalift has grown to be a global brand and is still growing in international market segments such as in china, European countries, south-east Asia, and japan (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). However, it may seem that there is nothing in common between the photographic and the cosmetic industry. Therefore, the critical evaluation of the process of the industry suggests that the organization has been looking for similarity in production methods and the components. The manufacturing of the analog film is quite similar to that of the cosmetics. The thickness of the photographic films is 0.2mm which is similar to the thickness of hair. The photographic films require long term stability, functionalities and retention of moisture which shows that the products are quite similar to the hair products sold in the market (Strong et al. 2014). This unique way of developing the photographic films and collagen is one of the basic necessity of the cosmetic industry. Collagen is one of the key constituents of the cosmetic industry and thus the organization was able to enter the market of the cosmetic industry with their expertise in this field. Fujifilm launched the medical diagnostic im aging system which of the technology of a digital camera and is one of the key requirements for the healthcare industry. This was the industry which Fujifilm could capitalize on as the process of image technology provided them with competitive advantage in the market. Fujifilm was able to maintain their sustainability in the market because of their flexibility and adaptability with the change in the market conditions (Malatesta and Smith 2014). Healthcare focus Their expertise in nanotechnology for the placement of chemicals into films was continued over to the application of cosmetics to facial skin. Prior knowledge regarding photosensitive materials has assisted with fine chemicals and industrial materials. At present, Fujifilms medical imaging equipment business is fast expanding and has procured several firms in this sector, that included the paying of $1 billion for SonoSite,which is an American ultrasound equipment maker. Due to all these Fujifilm has become a much more diversified organization than Kodak. Possessing a long-term vision, the company has invested a lot. This has disruptive for the organizations; short term profitability, but the risk paid off (Fujifilmholdings.com 2017). Fujifilms approach There are mainly two type of approach which are being followed by the organizations, one is the strategic choice and the other is the deterministic approach. The strategic choice states that the organization will have equal amount of control on the market environment and the consumers and the deterministic approach states that the organization does not have any control over the market environment. This is a classic example of two organizations who were rivals but one was unable to maintain the sustainability in the market (Pisano 2017). Fujifilm was following the strategic choice approach which helped them to identify the future trends in the market and at the same time they were flexible enough to adapt to the changes in the market situations. They were able to convert their weaknesses in to their strengths through the use of innovation in their business model. However, Kodak believed in the deterministic approach which means that the organization was not flexible enough and they we re too over confident (Fujifilm Global. 2017). They chose the easy way out but the end resulted in bankruptcy of the organization, they believed that they had the monopoly on the market and this had led to their downfall in the market. Fujifilm did the hard work which paid off for the, but in case of Kodak, they were to find shortcuts in the market to gain competitive advantage in the market. Leadership has also played an important role in this context as the efficient leadership of the company has guided them to reach a platform of sustainability and competitive advantage in the market. However, the leaders of Kodak were short sighted and arrogant which has led to the downfall of the organization (Estrin 2015). Recommendations As Fujifilm did back at the time of Ebola outbreak in West Africa, they need to help the world with their expertise in chemicals and machinery for helping with disease treatments. Similar to the anti-influenza drug that they created, they require to produce mass amounts of drugs that can used for curing life-threatening diseases. They need to make full use of their corporate makeover and use the diversification for lowly restructuring their organizational structure. Conclusion Thus, the report provides a contrast of the two rival organizations Fujifilm and Kodak who were competing in the market for the majority of the market share. However, innovation and hard work is a major factor for the development of the organization. Fujifilm was able to make the changes to their organizational structure and make use of their weaknesses to not only maintain their sustainability but gain competitive advantage in the market. Kodak lost their market place due to the easy way they took and were unable to use innovation in their business model which suggests that organization will have to keep on doing the hard work and be far sighted so that they can make use of the innovation in order to develop new products with the help of research. Thus, the report will conclude with by saying that Fujifilm has shown various organizations that it is possible to completely transform their business if they are willing to do the hard work. The contrasting practices in both the rival org anization has provided an apt example of showing how flexibility in an organization is important and can provide the organization with competitive advantage and sustainability in due time. References and bibliography AM Vermeulen, P., Zietsma, C., Greenwood, R. and Langley, A., 2016. Strategic responses to institutional complexity.Strategic Organization,14(4), pp.277-286. Economist.com. 2012.Sharper focus. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2012/01/how-fujifilm-survived [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Estrin, J. 2015.Kodak's First Digital Moment. [online] Lens Blog. Available at: https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/kodaks-first-digital-moment/?_r=0 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Fujifilm Global. 2017.Fujifilm - Value for Innovation. [online] Available at: https://www.fujifilm.com/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Fujifilmholdings.com. 2017.FUJIFILM Holdings | Segment Information. [online] Available at: https://www.fujifilmholdings.com/en/investors/performance_and_finance/segment_information/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Inagaki, K. and Osawa, J. 2012.Fujifilm Thrived by Changing Focus. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203750404577170481473958516 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Malatesta, D. and Smith, C.R., 2014. Lessons from resource dependence theory for contemporary public and nonprofit management.Public Administration Review,74(1), pp.14-25. Munir, K. 2012.The Demise of Kodak: Five Reasons. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://blogs.wsj.com/source/2012/02/26/the-demise-of-kodak-five-reasons/ [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Pisano, G.P., 2017. Toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities: connecting strategic choice, learning, and competition.Industrial and Corporate Change,26(5), pp.747-762. Reuters.com. 2017.Fujifilm Holdings Corp. [online] Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/4901.T [Accessed 16 Oct. 2017]. Strong, D.M., Johnson, S.A., Tulu, B., Trudel, J., Volkoff, O., Pelletier, L.R., Bar-On, I. and Garber, L., 2014. A theory of organization-EHR affordance actualization.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,15(2), p.53.

Central European cinema Essay Example

Central European cinema Essay Women’s equality is a term that covers broad spectrum of ideas and practices. The transition from communist rule has forced the men as well as the women to witness a number of changes. The end of communist rule has been a mixed blessing for the women of Central Europe. They have had to deal with a lot of uncertainty. Moreover the women have always found that they have been forced to satisfy the needs of the family in the first place keeping their own needs aside and this is because they are the ones who perform the core jobs of handling a family. They are responsible for caring for the emotional and psychological needs of all the family members. As a result they are not in a position to focus their entire attention to the economic matters of the nation. Not only this but also a lot of time and energy are drained away from the womenfolk in the process. During the post communist period many women have benefited largely whereas many women have seen periods of increased hardship because their responsibility both in the domestic sphere as well as in the economic spheres have added up. The women during the post-communist era had jobs but they felt that it was a kind of â€Å"forced† or â€Å"pseudo† employment. There was a focus on the need for women to realize their femininity through domestic roles. The task of providing for the daily needs of the family had also become difficult than before and also the benefits of social legislation which the women used to get during the period of communist reign had also been withdrawn. It has been seen that in the post communist area both in the labor force and in the home the traditional gender roles have resurfaced as if legitimating gender inequality as it was a very common practice that even the educated women did not get jobs whereas the men could easily get jobs. (Verdey, 1991) There was an increasing tendency of confining women within the four walls of the home had increased. Women were very strictly marginalized from political issues. There was unrealistic expectation from the successful women. They were expected to be superwomen and thus they were expected to be equally successful both in the economic realm and in the domestic front which caused a greater amount of physical and psychological strain on the women and they were the victims of dual burden. There were economic disparities as well between the men and the women and consequently the women suffered a low standard of living. It can be concluded that the women in the post communist period had to face a lot of challenges as their living conditions were no easier. The movies were a reflection of the society’s attitude towards the women like the movie â€Å"A Woman Alone† (1981) also shows the hardship which a single woman has to face being trapped by the pressures of poverty and the h arsh society. Irena has once said in the movie, â€Å"I am nobody. I didn’t fight in the war. We will write a custom essay sample on Central European cinema specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Central European cinema specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Central European cinema specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I don’t have a car. I work for pennies; nobody respects me† These bitter words from her actually shows she is well aware of her situation and has a lot of dejection in her mind just as most of the woman were well aware that their position is nothing more than a commodity in the society Irena who is an unwed mother drains her energies to run a family and she receives cruel treatment from her surroundings which is related to her â€Å"womanness† and her â€Å"single motherhood†. She has to bear a lot as a woman and all her relations with the men leave her either physically or emotionally bruised. It actually testifies the fact that the men treat the women as play instruments and soon dump them as was Irena dumped after being utilized. The physical strain of her job collapses her both physically and mentally. She leads a life of utter poverty far away from luxury. Her poverty is to an extent that she has to bathe with the used water of her son. Irena is a lone ly woman and she has no-one to turn to in times of crisis. At times she feels that the world looks upon her cruelly. She turns to her aunt expecting some monetary benefit but it is of no use. She feels all the more helpless when she thinks that she has to educate a child alone, she in fact loses her path and is not able to decide the course which she should take. Irena does not even get any help from the society mainly because of the fact that she was an unwed mother; therefore it is entirely her responsibility to manage her life. The movie reflects of the helpless condition of a single woman who has no means, it makes the fact clear that nobody approaches a help to her because she is an unwed mother; one more reflection of the stigmas of the society.   This film is actually a reflection of the fact of how the society treats a woman who is alone and how her scopes are limited and also stigmatizes a woman for a reason which is no reason at all. That the society fails to identify th e dignity of a woman as a human being is the message which runs throughout the film. (Waller, What’s in your head). As per as acceptance of the women of such roles are concerned it was found that many of the women intentionally took refuge in motherhood because they wanted to escape from the dual burden system and to escape the political manipulation and give more meanings to their lives. This was so because they believed that the home was a comparatively a free sphere for them, as they could exercise some amount of authority in their homes, whereas in the political or economic sphere they were bound to get dominated by the males. (Heitlinger). In this regard we can talk of the movie â€Å"Adoption† (1975) where the protagonist of the movie Kata had accepted defeat from her husband because it was expected so from a woman. The director gets a scope to show the part played by the state in the politics of gender. The reference of this particular movie is relevant here because it reflects the attitude of men towards women how they feel that it is not much necessary that the desires of a woman a re fulfilled just as Kata in the movie who lives with a married who is far too distant from her and does not bother for her happiness at all. The movie reflects the patriarchy of the society where only the opinions of men are given importance as in the movie Kata could not get the joy of children because the man in her life did not approve of it. Joska, the man in Kata’s life very easily associates â€Å"fatherlessness† and â€Å"illegitimacy† and it is very clear that he is not ready to commit fully to Kata, which is again a reflection of the fact that most men are afraid of commitment and is happy only to derive pleasure from the women as Joska was doing. Later as the movie progresses Kata finds a soul mate in Anna and it is Anna who instigates the maternal instincts in her. Anna emulates widowed Kata in some ways and in this way the director wants to show the variants and vicissitudes and shows that a family of choice is more viable than a family of origin. A nna on the other hand fills incomplete because she has not been able to unite with her boyfriend. Thus they both share the common string of incompleteness. Towards the end of the movie Anna finds happiness by becoming a wife and Kata finds happiness after adopting a baby. The focus of the movie is that the society and the culture are such that women gain satisfaction through traditional roles like wife and mother. This is because the society has made the women feel so. (The Gendered State) To the general tends of film makers there were also some exceptional film makes who worked for the issues relating to women. Such filmmakers were Chytilova and Krumbachova. They were the ones who tried to portray the disgraceful situation of the women in the society and how they were trying to recuperate their situation. One such movie was â€Å"Daisies† (1966), where Chytilova shows how the women react to their dejected condition. Though the film is filled with lot of exuberance and enthusiasm yet it meets an end which is filled with utter anger, nihilism, helplessness and despair. In the movie two seventeen year old girls feel that the world is meaningless so they play a game of it matters and it doesn’t matter. The two girls live in a vacuum without any past or future and they have an intense desire to cheat the world. The girls’ attitudes are linked with absolute political destruction. Though she portrays the naked bodies of the two girls in many places yet i t is far from eroticism. In the film Chytilova tries to show something which is much deeper in meaning like existential pain and alienation but apparently the movie shows that the girls have a number of adventures but not with any particular motive but just for the purpose of amusing themselves and getting spoiled in the process exactly reflecting the society where the women suffered from alienation and a lot of respect in different subtle ways yet they keep on showing to the world that they are immensely happy. The girls have suffered alienation in various phases of their lives just because they are girls and so they try to get the attention of the people by doing something extraordinary. The stylization of the two girls like robots and like machine suggests the idea that the treatment of girls in the society were like machines and many of the scenes show that the two girls Jarmila and Jezinka are exploited by the males and they try their best to expel the male domination and asser t their identity which actually reflects the feminist attitudes of the society where many women rebelled against the unfair treatment towards them. The men folk believed that they could program the women according to their whims and fancies. The movie also tries to focus on the fact that a woman’s sexuality becomes her ultimate recognition and the men of the society are only bothered in deriving sexual pleasure from the women and they are not actually interested in knowing the identity of the women. The voice which runs through the film is that the women are mere sources of pleasure for the men. In the movie the principal of anarchy is balanced by principal of structure. (Literature, Fancy and Experience) Even the movie Loves of a Blonde (1965) reflects the miserable emotional deprivation of women in the society. The message is that a woman is crazy of love rather it is better said a woman seeks true love all through her life because in most cases she is treated as a commodity so whenever she gets the dignity which she should get as a woman she gets inclined to it as it was a common belief in the society that women are machines and they do not require any kind of emotional fulfillment so it is not necessary to treat them with love and respect. In the movie the young woman who is romance starved young girl gets attracted to a visiting piano player and she moves away along with him. As she moves away with him she discovers her troublesome parents but she doesn’t run away because she hopes to get an assurance of true love from the piano player. Therefore we can conclude from the movie that the director attempted to show the audience that for a woman love is more important than any thing else. The growing importance of the family had a growing negative connotation it was very much attached to the exploitation of women. Women were mainly represented in two different ways, they were represented either as women fulfilling the traditional roles of women that is caring and nurturing for the family and designated only to work for the family. The other way in which they were represented was in hedonistic manner, commoditized to a greater extent. Thus we can very well understand that the cinemas were in many reflections of the fact that the men were important in the society and not the women. The function of the women is only to satisfy the men with their sexuality both emotionally and physically and such kinds of movies might have dual reaction like it may bring about a realization in the minds of those who dominate and mistreat women perennially that the thing which they are doing is not correct and they should treat women more compassionately and with more respect. On the other hand there will be many who will fail to understand the subtle meanings expressed through the movies and will continue to think that it is absolutely correct and legitimate to subjugate and exploit women and to alienate them from the social, political and the economic system.

The competitive stugle between Air Canada and Westjet essays

The competitive stugle between Air Canada and Westjet essays Canada is the second largest country in the world, which ranks 28th in terms of population. The population density of Canada approximately is three persons per square kilometer. Canadas 30 million population is located in the area which is 10 million square kilometers in size from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. Therefore, Canada needs fast and efficient transportation for such a wide surface area and great population. There are air, surface and marine transportation in Canada. Air transportation is the most popular one because it offers fast and efficient travels with the developed route network in Canada. Countrys air transportation industry is highly competitive because of the deregulation by government bodies in 1984. At that time, much freer regime was expressed in the National Transportation Act which accepted an air company automatically to a market if it is at least 75% Canadian owned or controlled, has enough fleets, and can meet Transport Canada's safety requirements (McArthur, 2004). This regime has created a highly advanced competitive environment where air companies can easily enter a market but hardly compete in it. For example, Roots Air failed to fill its planes and became bankrupt after a moth and a half in 2001 (Smith, 2001); Grey Hound Air, which used Boeing 727 to link Winnipeg with major Canadian cities, failed in 1997 because they didnt use the world booking system (McCarten, 1997).; Canada 3000 was also recently bankrupted. Therefore, air companies with successful marketing strategies can survive in this environment such as Air Canada (AC) and WestJet (WJ). The r ecent scandal between AC and WJ, where AC filed a lawsuit against WestJet for $220 million for hacking ACs confidential website and stealing commercial information (Jetsgo, 2004), drew public attention and presented them as two active competitors. The competitive struggle of these two companies can be presented b...

REPORT TOPIC LAW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

REPORT TOPIC LAW - Assignment Example Conflict of Laws or Private International Law covers cases where a foreign element intrudes, raising questions as to the application of foreign law or the role of foreign courts (Shaw, 1). Legal Positivism suggests that international law is not law at all because there is no true governing body that imposes the law and enforces its obedience. Contrast this with the laws of a State where the State itself is tasked with the promulgation and enforcement of the law. Instead, International Law is enforced by agreement between parties to a treaty, convention or international organization. For example, states that are parties to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 commit themselves to follow the rules of war set forth in those Conventions. State parties to the Kyoto Protocols bind themselves to the provisions of those environmental-safeguard protocols. Even the United Nations and its subordinate bodies exist because the UN State Parties signed or acceded to the UN Charter to become members of th e United Nations. Aside from Treaties and Conventions, which are essentially multilateral treaties, there are two other sources of international law. They are international custom and general principals of law recognized by civilized nations (ICJ Statute Art 38).

Leading and Managing in Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading and Managing in Nursing - Term Paper Example In the contemporary world, the success of healthcare practices and strategies is largely dependent on the leadership style employed. Consequently, the personal characteristics of the leader are imperative as he or she guides the process. As reiterated by NHS Leadership Academy (2013: 3), "The way we manage ourselves is a central part of being an effective leader". For instance, a leader ought to identify his or her strengths and weaknesses in order to make out how to engage his or her followers in nursing. It is worth noting that people respond to leadership in different ways and hence the leadership style adopted by the leader is imperative. The first stage of Gibbs reflective model is a description (Peate, 2013: n.p). Student nurses are faced by a lot of challenges and nurse leaders given the role of teaching them must apply effective methods of leadership. My role involves leading and teaching lower year student nurses how to do aseptic wound dressings. In the process of teaching student nurses, I observed that many of them had a habit of making excuses for poor performance, and also avoided responsibilities. In relation to the second stage of the Gibbs reflective model, which entails explication of feelings (Peate, 2013: n.p), I felt that the students needed to be more accountable of their actions and as a result shun away from giving excuses for their poor performance. Aseptic wound dressing requires a nurse to prepare well in order to avoid spreading infections to the wound (Nicol, Payne and Edwards, 2008: 1). The nurse students made me look bad and therefore I felt dejected. The third stage of the Gibbs reflective model is the evaluation (Peate, 2013: n.p). Personally, I felt that the student nurses were not doing their best in terms of following instructions. However, after discussing this issue with my colleagues, I found out that they were experiencing the same problems with their student nurses.  Ã‚  

Unit 4 db mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 4 db mgmt - Essay Example The DSS has four main components which include: a) User Interface, b) Database, c) Models and Analytical Tools, d) Architecture and network of DSS. The DSS contain a effective user interface, which is generally used by the decision makers to gain complete information from the database to make informed decisions. The database is used to save all the high quality information and to keep track of all the available data. Also, DSS uses mathematical models and tools that mainly relate to the supply chain activities. One of the best examples of the use of the decision support systems include that of Frito Lays, which used the DSS to develop hand held computers which was given to the route sales individuals to collect data from all the sales transactions. Also this helped the company keep a centralized control system although making the decision making decentralized (Power, 2002). This change to the company was a turning point and helped the company improve in the overall

The Drill Stem Component Description Engineering Essay

The Drill Stem Component Description Engineering Essay CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents general procedures for drill string design. The design aspects of critical importance and factors controlling drill pipe selection are highlighted. The term Drill Stem is used to refer to the combination of tubulars and accessories that serve as a connection between the rig and the drill bit (RGU lecture slides). It consists mainly of Drill Pipe, Drill Collars (DC) and Heavy Weight Drill Pipes (HWDP) and accessories including bit subs, top drive subs, stabilisers, jars, reamers etc. Drill stem is often used interchangeably with the term Drill String which actually refers to the joints of drill pipe in the drill stem. For the purpose of this report, Drill String will be used to refer to the string of drill pipes that together with drill collars and heavy weight drill pipe make up the drill stem see fig 3.1. 3.1 DRILL STEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 3.1.1 Drill Pipe The drill pipes are seamless pipes usually made from different steel grades to different diameters, weights and lengths. They are used to transfer rotary torque and drilling fluid from the rig to the bottom hole assembly (drill collars plus accessories) and drill bit. Each drill pipe is referred to as a joint, with each joint consisting of a pipe body and two connections (see fig 3.2). Drill pipe lengths vary, and these different lengths are classified as ranges, the available or more common ranges include: Range 1: 18 22 ft Range 2: 27 30ft Range 3: 38 40ft. Drill Stem. Fig 3.1: Drill Stem with components. (Heriott Watt University lecture Notes: Drilling Engineering) Drill pipes are also manufactured in different sizes and weights which reflects the wall thickness of the drill pipe. Some common sizes and their corresponding weights include 31/2 in. 13.30 lb/ft and 4 1/2in. 16.60 lb/ft. The indicated weight is the nominal weight in air (pipe body weight excluding tool joints) of the drill pipe. A complete listing of API recognised drill pipe sizes, weight and grades are published in the API RP 7G. The drill pipe grade is an indication of the minimum yield strength of the drill pipe which controls the burst, collapse and tensile load capacity of the drill pipe. The common drill pipe grades are presented in the table below Grade Yield Strength, psi Letter Designation Alternate Designation D D-55 55,000 E E-75 75,000 X X-95 95,000 G G-105 105,000 S S-135 135,000 Table 3.1: Drill Pipe Grades. Drill pipes are often used to drill more than one well, therefore in most cases the drill pipe would be in a worn condition resulting in its wall thickness being less than it was when the drill pipe was brand new. In order to identify and differentiate drill pipes, they are grouped into classes. The different classes are an indication of the degree of wear on the wall thickness of the drill pipe. The classes can be summarised as follows according to API standards: New: Never been used, with wall thickness when to 12.5% below nominal. Premium: Uniform wear with minimum wall thickness of 80%. Class 2: Allows drill pipe with a minimum wall thickness of 70%. It is essential that the drill pipe class be identified in drill pipe use or design, since the extent of wear affects the drill pipe properties and strength. When specifying a particular joint of drill pipe, the class, grade, size, weight and range have to be identified, the specification could therefore appear thus: 5 19.5 lb/ft Grade S Range 2 Fig 3.2: Parts of Drill pipe. (Handbook for Petroleum and Natural gas) 3.1.2 Tool Joints Tools joints are screw type connections welded at the ends of each joint of a drillpipe. The tool joints have coarse tapered threads and sealing shoulders designed to withstand the weight of the drill string when it is suspended in the slips. Tool joints are of two kinds; the pin (male section) and the box (female section). Each drill pipe has a pin attached to one end and a box attached at the other end. This makes it possible for the pin of one joint of drill pipe to be stabbed into box of a previous drill pipe. There are several kinds of tool joints widely used: Joint Type Diagram Description Internal Upset (IU) Tool joint is less than the pipe. Tool joint OD is approximately the same as the pipe. Internal Flush (IF) Tool joints ID is approximately the same as the pipe. The OD is upset. Internal / External Upset (IEU) Tool joint is larger than the pipe such that the tool joint ID is less than the drill pipe. The tool joint OD is larger than the drill pipe. Table 3.2 Types of tool joints. (The Robert Gordon University Lecture Notes: Drill String Design) 3.1.3 Drill Collars Drill collars are thick walled tubes made from steel. They are normally the predominant part of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) which provides Weight on Bit (WOB). Due to the large wall thickness of the drill collars, the connection threads could be machined directly to the body of the tube, thereby eliminating the need for tool joints (see fig 3.3). Drill collars are manufactured in different sizes and shapes including round, square, triangular and spiral grooved. The slick and spiral grooved drill collars are the most common shapes used currently in the industry. There are drill collars made from non-magnetic steel used to isolate directional survey instruments from magnetic interference arising from other drill stem components. The steel grade used in the manufacture of drill collars can be much lower than those used in drill pipes since they are thick walled. Functions Provide weight on bit Provide stiffness for BHA to maintain directional control and minimise bit stability problems. Provide strength to function in compression and prevent buckling of drill pipes. Fig 3.3: Carbon Steel Drill Pipes. 3.1.4 Heavy Weight Drill Pipe Heavy weight drill pipes (HWDP) are often manufactured by machining down drill collars See fig 3.4. They usually have greater wall thickness than regular drill pipe. HWDP are used to provide a gradual cross over when making transition between drill collars and drill pipes to minimise stress concentration at the base of the drill pipe. These stress concentrations often result from: Difference in stiffness due to the difference in cross-sectional area between the drill collar and drill pipe. Bit bouncing arising from rotation and cutting action of the bit. HWDP can be used in either compressive or tensile service. In vertical wellbores it is used for transition and in highly deviated wells, it used in compression to provide weight on bit. Fig 3.4: Heavy Weight Drill Pipe. (Heriott Watt University lecture Notes: Drilling Engineering) 3.1.5 Accessories Drill Stem accessories include: Stabilisers: these are made of a length of pipe with blades on the external surface. The blades are spiral or straight, fixed or mounted on rubber sleeves to allow the drill string rotate inside. Functions of the stabiliser include: Stabilise the drill collars to reduce buckling and bending Ensure uniform loading of tricone bits to reduce wobbling and increase bit life. To provide necessary wall contact and stiffness behind the bit to induce positive side force to build angle when drilling deviated wells. Reamers: used in the BHA to enlarge the well bore diameter and ream out doglegs, key seats, ledges. Drilling Jars: incorporated in the BHA to deliver a sharp blow and assist in freeing the drill string should it become stuck. 3.2 DRILL STRING DESIGN The drill string design is carried out in order to establish the most efficient combination of drill pipe size, weight, and grades to fulfil the drilling objectives of any particular hole section at the lowest cost within acceptable safety standards. In order to design a drill string to be used in a particular hole section, the following parameters need to be established: Hole section depth Hole section size Expected mud weight Desired safety factors in tension and overpull. Desired safety factor in collapse Length of drill collars required to provide desired WOB including OD, ID and weight per foot. Drill pipe sizes and inspection class The drill string design has to meet the following requirement: The working loads (tension, collapse, burst) on the drill string must not exceed the rated load capacity of each of the drill pipes. The drill collars should be of sufficient length to provide all required WOB to prevent buckling loads on the drill pipe. The drill pipes used have to ensure the availability of sufficient fluid flow rate at the drill bit for hole cleaning and good rate of penetration. 3.2.1 Design Safety Factors Design safety factors are applied to calculated working loads to account for any unexpected service load on the drill string. They are used to represent any features that are not considered in the load calculations e.g. temperature and corrosion, thus ensuring that service loads do not exceed the load capacity of the drill pipe. Design safety factor values are often selected based on experience from operating within a particular area, the extent of uncertainty in the operating conditions e.g. when operating in HPHT conditions, a larger safety factor is applied than when operating in less harsh conditions. Some commonly used design safety values are illustrated in the table below Load Design Safety Factor Value Tension 1.1 1.3 Margin of overpull (MOP) 50,000 100,000. MOP of 400,000 have been used in ultra deep wells Weight on Bit 1.15 or 85% of available Weight on bit to ensure neutral point is 85% of drill collar string length measures from the bottom (API RP 7G) Torsion 1.0 (based on the lesser of the pipe body or tool joint strength) Collapse 1.1 1.15 Burst 1.2 3.2.2 Drill Collar Selection The drill collars are selected with the aim of ensuring that they provide sufficient WOB without buckling or putting the lower section of the drill string in compression. 3.2.2.1 Size selection Lateral movement of the drill bit is controlled by the diameter of the drill collar directly behind it. Therefore the size/diameter of the drill collar closest to the bit will be dependent on the required effective minimum hole diameter and the relationship can be given as When two BHA components of different cross-sectional areas are to be made up, it is essential that the bending resistance ratio (BRR) be evaluated. This is important because BHA components have tensile and compressive forces acting on them when they are bent in the well bore. These forces cause stress at connections and any location where there is a change in cross-sectional area. Therefore it is important to ensure that these stresses are within acceptable ranges. The bending resistance (BR) of a drill string component is dependent on its section modulus which is given as Z = section modulus, in3 I = second moment of area, in4 OD = outside diameter, in ID = inside diameter, in The BRR is used to express any change in BR and can be calculated using BRR should generally be below 5.5 and in severe drilling conditions, below 3.5. 3.2.2.2 Connections When selecting connections to be used with drill collars, it is essential to check that the BRR of the pin and box indicates a balanced connection. The BRR for drill collar connection is calculated as the section modulus of the box divided by the section modulus of the pin. The API RP 7G contains tables that can be used to determine BRR for any box and pin OD. BRRs of 2.5 have given balanced connections (RGU Lecture notes, 2005). 3.2.2.3 Weight on Bit The maximum weight on bit required is normally a function of the bit size and type. The rule of thumb is: Maximum WOB of 2000lbf per inch of bit diameter when using Polycrsyalline Diamond Compact bits (PDC) and mud motors. Maximum WOB of 5000lbf per inch of bit diameter when using tricone bits. Other factors controlling WOB include inclination, hole size and buckling. In vertical wellbores the length of drill collars required to provide a specified weight on bit is given by LDC = Length of Drill Collars, ft WOB = Weight of Bit, lb DFBHA = Safety factor to keep neutral point in drill collars. WDC = Weight per foot of Drill Collars, lb/ft Kb = Buoyancy Factor. The neutral point as described by (Mian, 1991) referring to Lubinksi, is the point that divides the drill stem into two portions, with the section above the neutral point in tension and that below in compression. Therefore in order to ensure that the entire length of drill pipes remain in tension, the neutral point of the drill stem has to be maintained within the drill collars. According to the API RP 7G, the height of the neutral point measured from the bottom of the drill collars will be 85% of the total length of drill collars used, with 85% being the safety factor. In inclined wellbores, the angle of inclination has to be taken into consideration when calculating the maximum WOB that can be applied without buckling the drill pipe. This is because although the WOB is applied at the inclination of the wellbore, this weight acts vertically, thus reducing the available weight at the bit. Therefore to allow for this reduction, the buoyed weight of the BHA would be reduced by the cosine of the well inclination, thus WOB in inclined holes is calculated with the formula All parameters remain as defined in equation 5; ÃŽÂ ¸ is the angle of inclination of the well. As a result of the vertically acting weight of the BHA, the drill string tends to lie on the low side of the hole and is supported to some extent by the wall of the well bore. Therefore the pipes above the neutral point could only buckle if the compressive forces in the drill string exceed a critical amount. This critical buckling force is calculated as follows Fcrit = critical buckling force, lb ODHWDP = outside diameter of HWDP, in. ODtj = maximum outside diameter of pipe, in. IDHWDP = inside diameter of HWDP, in. Kb = buoyancy factor. Dhole = diameter of hole, in. ÃŽËÅ" = hole inclination, degrees. Since HWDP are sometimes used to apply WOB in inclined wells, and drill pipes are sometimes used in compression, the critical buckling force is calculated for both HWDP and drill pipes. 3.2.3 Drill Pipe Selection Factors to be considered for drill pipe selection include: Maximum allowable working loads in tension, collapse, burst, and torsion. Maximum allowable dogleg severity at any depth in order to avoid fatigue damage in the drill pipe. Combined loads on the drill pipe. The loads considered when selecting drill pipes to be used in the drill string is dependent on the well depth, well bore geometry and hole section objectives. In shallower vertical wells, collapse and tension are of more importance than burst or torsion. Burst is normally not considered in most designs since the worst case for a burst load on the drill pipe would occur when pressuring the drillstring with a blocked bit nozzle, even with this condition, the burst resistance of the drill pipe is likely to be exceeded. Torsion is of less importance in vertical well bores because drag forces are at minimal amounts unlike in highly deviated wells. The dogleg severity of the well for both vertical and deviated wells is important because of increased fatigue in the drill pipe when it is rotated in the curved sections of the wellbore. A graphical method is recommended for drill pipe selection, with the loads plotted on a load versus depth graph. This makes it possible for loads at particular points on the drill string to be easily visualised, and any sections of the drill pipe that do not meet the load requirements are easily identified and redesigned. 3.2.3.1 Collapse Drill pipes are sometimes exposed to external pressures which exceed its internal pressures, thereby inducing a collapse load on the drill pipe. The worst scenario for collapse in a drill pipe is during drill stem tests when they are run completely empty into the wellbore. The collapse loads are highest at the bottom joint of the drill pipes, as a result, the collapse load would normally control the drill pipe grade to be used at the bottom of the drill string. The API specified collapse resistance for different sizes and grades of drill pipe assuming either elastic, plastic or transition collapse depending on their diameter to wall thickness ratio have been calculated and are published in the API RP 7G with the relevant formulae. The maximum collapse pressure on the drill pipe when it is completely empty can be calculated as follows: Pc = collapse pressure, psi MW = mud weight, ppg TVD = true vertical depth at which Pc acts, ft. On some occasions, the mud weight outside the pipe varies from that inside the pipe, also the fluid levels inside and outside the pipe may also vary. This situation could also induce collapse loads. The collapse loads induced by this scenario can be calculated thus L = Fluid depth outside the drill pipe, ft MW = Mud weight outside the drill pipe, ppg Y = fluid depth inside drill pipe, ft MW = Mud weight inside drill pipe, ppg. The value for Pc is then plotted on the collapse load graph as the collapse load line see fig 3.5. It is recommended practice to apply a design safety factor to the collapse load calculated from equations 8 or 9 (depending on expected scenarios) in order to account for unexpected additional loads as wells as unknown variables. The value of the design factor is often between 1.1 1.5 for class 2 drill pipes. According to (Adams, 1985) the design factor should be 1.3 to account for the fact that new drill pipes are often not used for drill stem tests. The value of the collapse load multiplied by the collapse design factor is plotted on the collapse load graph as the design line, this is then used to select an appropriate grade and weight of drill pipe to fulfil these load conditions. Fig 3.5: Sample Collapse load graph. 3.2.3.2 Tension Load The tensile load capacity of the drill string should be evaluated to ensure there is enough tensile strength in the topmost joint of each size, weight, grade and class of to support the weight of the drill string submerged in the wellbore, hence the need to include buoyancy in the calculations. There has to also be enough reserve tensile strength to pull the drill string out of the well if the pipe gets stuck. The stabiliser and bit weight can be neglected when calculating the drillstring weight. In a vertical wellbore, the forces acting on the drill string are tension from its self weight and the hydrostatic pressure from the fluid in the wellbore. The hydrostatic pressure in the wellbore exerts an upward force on the cross sectional area of the drill string, which is commonly referred to as buoyancy. Therefore the resulting tensile load on the drill string attached to drill collars, taking account of buoyancy is calculated as: FTEN = resultant tensile load on drill string, lb LDP = length of drill pipe, ft LDC = length of drill collars, ft WTDP = air weight of drill pipe, lb/ft WTDC = air weight of drill collars, lb/ft MW = Mud weight, ppg. ADC = Cross sectional area of drill collars, in2 FTEN is plotted on the tension load graph as the tensile load line. The tensile strength values for different sizes, grades and inspection classes of drill pipes are contained in the API RP 7G, and can be calculated from the equation: Fyield = minimum tensile strength, lb Ym = specified minimum yield stress, psi A = cross section area, in2 Fyield is plotted as the minimum tensile strength line on the tension load graph. However, these values (Fyield) are theoretical values based on minimum areas, wall thickness and yield strength of the drill pipes. Therefore, these values only give an indication of the stress at which a certain total deformation would occur and not the specific point at which permanent deformation of the material begins. If a pipe is loaded to the minimum tensile strength calculated from equation 11, there is the possibility that some permanent stretch may occur, thereby making it difficult to keep the pipe straight in the wellbore. In order to eliminate the possibility of this occurrence, 90% of the minimum tensile strength as recommended by the API (American Petroleum Institute), should be used as the maximum allowable tensile load on the drill pipe, i.e Fdesign = maximum allowable tensile load 0.9 = a constant relating proportional limit to yield strength. Fdesign is plotted on the tension load graph as the maximum allowable tensile load line. As with the collapse load, a design factor would be applied to the tensile loads to account for dynamic loads in the drill pipe which occur when the slips are set, as well as prevent the occurrence of pipe parting close to the surface. The product of FTEN and the design factor is plotted as the tension design load line in the tension load graph see fig 3.6. Margin Of Overpull A margin for overpull is added to the tension load to ensure there is sufficient tensile strength in the drill pipe when it is pulled in the event of a stuck pipe. This margin is normally 50,000 100,000lb, but in deeper wells margins of overpull have reached 300,000lb. The value obtained after adding the margin of overpull is also plotted on the tension load graph see fig 3.6. The difference between the calculated tensile load at any point in the drillstring (FTEN) and the maximum allowable tension load would also represent the available overpull. This value represents available tensile strength of the drill pipe to withstand any extra forces applied to the drill string when trying to release it from a stuck pipe situation. FTEN and Fa can also be expressed as a safety factor This safety factor is an indication of how much the selected drill pipe will be able to withstand expected service loads. Due to uncertainty with actual service loads and conditions, a safety factor greater than 1 is always required. Slip Crush Slip crushing is generally not a problem if the slips are properly maintained. However, it is necessary to apply a safety factor for slip crushing when designing the drill string. This helps account for the hoop stress (SH) caused by the slips and the tensile stress (ST) caused by the weight of the drill string suspended in the slips. This relationship between SH and ST can be represented by the following equation SH = hoop stress, psi ST = tensile stress, psi D = outside diameter of the pipe, in. K = lateral load factor on slips, Ls = length of slips, in. = slip taper usually 9 ° 27 45 z = arctan ÃŽÂ ¼ ÃŽÂ ¼ = coefficient of friction, (approximately 0.08) The calculated tensile load is multiplied by the slip crush factor () to obtain the equivalent tensile load from slip crushing: Ts = tension from slip crushing, lb TL = tension load in drill string, lb SH / ST = slip crush factor. Ts is also plotted on the tension load graph as the slip crush design line. Fig 3.6: Sample Tension load graph The general step-by-step procedure for drill pipe selection using the graphical method is given as 1. Calculate the expected collapse load on drill pipe and apply the collapse design safety factor to derive the design load. Use the result to select weight and grade of drill pipe that satisfy collapse conditions. Plot expected collapse load and design load on a pressure vs. depth graph. 2. Calculate maximum allowable tensile load for the drill pipe selected in (1) above. Also calculate tension load on the drill string including buoyancy effects. Plot the tension load, specified minimum yield strength, and maximum allowable tensile load values on axial load vs. depth graph. 3. Apply tension design factor, margin of overpull, and slip crush factor to the calculated tension load and plot the individual results on the axial load vs. depth graph. Of the three factors applied to the tension load, the one resulting in the highest value is selected as the worst case for tensile loads. 4. Inspect graph and re-design any sections not meeting the load requirements. When designing a tapered drill string, the maximum length of a particular size, weight, grade and class of drill pipes that can be used to drill the selected hole section with specified WOB can be calculated as: All parameters remain as defined in equation 10 and 11. Note that equation 16 is only used when the MOP design line is the worst case scenario for tensile loads. When slip crushing is the worst case, the formula below is used SF = safety factor for slip crushing. The lightest available drill pipe grade should be used first in order to ensure that that the heavier grades are used upper section of the drill string where tensile loads are the highest. 3.2.4 Dog Leg Severity Fatigue damage is the most common type of drill pipe failure. It is known to be caused by cyclic bending loads induced in a drill pipe when it is rotated in the curved sections of the wellbore. The rotation of the drill pipe in the curved hole sections induce stresses in the outer wall of the drill pipe by stretching it and increasing its tensile loads. Fatigue damage from doglegs tends to occur when the angle exceeds a critical value. This critical value can be calculated as: C = maximum permissible dog leg severity, deg/100ft E = Youngs modulus, psi (30 x 106 for steel, 10.5 X 106 for aluminium) D = Drill pipe outer diameter, in. L = half the distance between tool joints, (180 in, for range 2 pipe) T = tension below the dogleg, lb à Ã†â€™b = maximum permissible bending stress, psi. I = drill pipe second moment of area, = à Ã†â€™b, is calculated from the buoyant tensile stress (à Ã†â€™t) and is dependent on the grade of the pipe. à Ã†â€™t = T/A, where T is defined in equation 19, and A is the cross sectional area of the pipe body in in2. For grade E pipe, The results from equation 20 are valid for à Ã†â€™t values up to 67,000psi. For grade S pipe, The results from equation 21 are valid for à Ã†â€™t values up to 133,400psi. It is recommended that an allowable dogleg severity (DLS) versus depth chart be plotted for every hole section with a particular drill string design since DLS changes with depth. The chart is plotted with the DLS on the x-axis and depth on the y-axis (see fig 3.7). When DLS lies to the left of the line or below the curve, the drill pipe is in safe operating conditions, and when it falls above or to the right of the curve, it is in unsafe conditions. Fig 3.7: Allowable Dogleg Severity Chart. (Mian, 1991) 3.2.5 Torsion Drill pipe torsional yield strength is important when planning deviated wells and ultra deep wells. In deviated wells, increased drag forces acting on the drill string from its interaction with the wellbore increase torsional loads on the drill pipe. In deeper wells, it is important in stuck pipe situations, in order to know the maximum torque that can be applied to the drill string. The pipe body torsional yield strength when subjected to torque alone can be calculated from the equation: Q = minimum torsional yield strength, ft lb J = polar second moment of area, à Ã¢â€š ¬/32 (D4 d4) D = pipe OD in, d = pipe ID in. Ym = minimum yield strength, psi. 3.2.6 Combined Loads On The Drill String Collapse and Tension The collapse resistance of the drill pipe is often reduced when the drill pipe is exposed to both tension and collapse loads. This happens because tensile loads stretch the drill pipe thereby affecting its D/t (diameter -wall thickness ratio) which controls the collapse resistance of the drill pipe. In ultra deep wells, the effect of combined collapse and tension is experienced when function testing the Blow out Preventers (BOP). It is becoming common practice in ultradeep drilling to equip BOPs with test rams in order to enable the BOP be tested without setting plugs in the well head. This is done to save tripping time due to extreme well depths. An example given by (Chatar, 2010), using 65/8in 27.70lb/ft drill pipe showed that with 65/8in drill pipe having 860kips of maximum allowable tensile loads, at half of this load, the drill string is only capable of withstanding 4,500psi collapse loads, which is often not sufficient for ultradeep drilling BOPs. The corrected collapse resistance of drill pipes under tension can be calculated using the formula Where R represents the percentage of the collapse resistance left when the drill pipe is under tension, therefore in equation 25, the value for R is used to multiply the normal plastic collapse resistance of the pipe to give the collapse resistance under tension. R can also be determined graphically with the following steps 1. Calculate Z using equation 24 2. Enter the ellipse for biaxial stress (fig 3.8) on the horizontal axis with the value for Z and draw a vertical line to the ellipse curve. 3. Draw a horizontal line from the vertical line drawn in (2) above to the vertical axis and read off the value. 4. Use the value from (5) above to multiply the collapse resistance to get the corrected collapse resistance with tension. Fig 3.8: Ellipse of Biaxial yield Strength: Effect of tensile loading om collapse resistance. (RGU Lecture notes: Casing design) Combined tension and torsion The torsional yield strength of a drill pipe is significantly reduced when the pipe is under tension loads. The torsional yield strength of the drill pipe under tension can be calculated with the equation Q = minimum torsional yield strength under tension, ft lb J = polar second moment of area. D = pipe OD in, d= pipe ID in. Ym = minimum yield strength, psi P = total load in tension, lb A = cross sectional area, in2 3.2.7 Tool Joint Performance The makeup torque to be applied to the tool joints when connecting drill pipes is calculated as follows ID = inside diameter, in. OD = outside diameter, in. Values for X, M, B and Q for standard connections are presented in the table be

parsons dance company :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I went to see the Parsons Dance Company on Tuesday April 9th. It was a very interesting show. There were actually many different techniques that I observed in this performance. This company uses many different forms of dance all into one technique, which makes them a unique company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One characteristic of technique that I noticed in most of the pieces performed was fast paced movement. Every piece was very upbeat and synchronized with the music. All their movements were done to the accents in the music. In â€Å"Too Many Cooks† all the movements were in sync with the sounds in the music. In â€Å"Mood Indigo,† there were three duets and they all showed different colors of indigo by how they dancers expressed their movements. The first duet was the color purple and they showed a couple in love and the movement was very quick. The second duet was the color light purple and the movement was very slow, this was the only piece where the movement was pretty slow. Since it was a lighter color they made the movement slower which fit the whole idea. In many of the other pieces they movement was fast as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the piece, â€Å"Caught,† the technique here dealt with strobe lights. David Parson’s choreographed this piece and it was very well done. They had the dancer jumping in the air while they strobed her to give it a suspended in time look to the movement. This is not really a dance technique, but more for perspective. It’s not very often you see someone in the air for a split second suspended in the air. This is a very unique technique and many other companies should try it. David Parson’s is a genius for designing this piece.

Importance on Being on Time Essay

The Importance of Being On-Time The principal reason for this essay is since I did not follow out proper orders and was not at the right place of duty for PT/Accountability formation at the appropriate time. Though there was a miscommunication, granted on my half, there’s nonetheless no excuse for me to miss a formation. I desire to be a great soldier and I desire to excel inside military. The first step I need to put into action is often making sure I am at the appropriate place of duty at the proper time or preferably with time to spare. This can be a simple task that’s easy and painless to ensure, and it’ll be accomplished. When hearing the term â€Å"be on-time†, almost every individual can comprehend what that phrase means; since it’s been a phrase that’s been used through-out history. This phrase has so many positive/negative consequences that it is unbelievable. A phrase with so much importance, that it must be written and displayed by others to understand it. The societies we live in use this phrase â€Å"be on-time† for many reasons. Every company, school, banks, and etc use it in their policies and their daily lives; from being on time for work, to completing an assignment on time. It helps display a foundation on how an individual preserves themselves, as well as for companies and organizations. It displays their professionalism to others. It provides security in objectives knowing that everything is going according to schedule. As such, this simple phrase â€Å"be on time† comes with many positive consequences if followed correctly. There are many obvious reasons as to why being on time is important. Just by showing up on time it shows that you have the maturity, responsibility and professionalism. It shows that you’re a hard worker and that you’re ready to get the job done. As well, it makes you reliable to take on objectives when they are presented to you. Just â€Å"being on time† will just bring so many positive out-puts, from getting the promotion to a manager, to shaping a better Army. In the Army (in any branch to be more precise) tardiness is unacceptable, so being on time is very important. When someone is late, it makes everyone else run behind on the future objectives they have that day. If an NCO announces that everyone will eat together at a certain time, he expects everyone to be there at that time. However, if someone is late, it will make the rest of the soldiers wait on you, just so they can eat; but even though they can simply hold off and skip chow, food is a vital part to the Army. Soldiers’ need the fuel in order better perform at their duty stations through-out the day. Even with that one soldier being late to eat, it can ruin the whole day for the rest of their battle buddies. One soldier being late can make the schedule completely disrupted. Not to mention that when everything is running behind, everyone will have to end up staying late for that work day. It turns the whole day very hectic and then people tend to get irritated very easily. It would make things run much smoother if everyone was on time. So when someone one is late, not only is it rude but it also messes up other people’s schedules. When someone shows up late, it makes them come off as flaky and people will think that you do not care about your career. On top of that, it’s very disrespectful. When being late or tardy, you are showing that you are not a professional. It can also be assumed that you do not care or respect your job the way you should or need to. When your employer begins to think that you are careless with your job or don’t care about your job they can decide that you are no longer a valuable asset to their company. Once your employer thinks you are no longer an asset to their company they can choose to fire you or they will keep a closer eye on you and wait for another reason to fire you. Being late can cause adverse actions to take place. Adverse actions can range from counseling to an Article 15 or even an early discharge, when in the Army. In the civilian sector it can range from job probation to being fired. In either sector, being late can cause a lot of strain on your job or even cause you to lose your job. This can also affect your life outside of  work by causing trouble at home. In today’s world finding a new job is not an easy task. This means that if you were to get fired from your present job you may not be able to pay bills. On top of that, you let your co-workers/comrades down when you do not show up on time to work. When you fail to show up on time, you’re causing your peers to have to do your work as well as their own. This can cause the mission for the day to be slowed down dramatically. When the mission is slowed down this can cause your leaders to fail at meeting deadlines that may be needed to be met at a specific time in order to meet other deadlines on missions that may be more important than wondering why you are late†¦ Due to the fact, accountability is one of the fundamentals of the military. It not only brings personal responsibility but it also shows the organization of a unit. The US Army depends solely on its soldiers, enlisted, warrant officers and commissioned officers alike. The military would not be anything without the soldiers. When soldiers are not there to perform there duties or they are late, that brings down the efficiency of the unit. Accountability is a great trait to have but it only comes with punctuality. Punctuality shows you are responsible, honest and can follow directions. Punctuality is not just an order that the Army requires, but also a great very own trait that is certainly a reflection of the person’s character, it shows which you have very own integrity and self-discipline. Though some of us are occasionally late due to circumstances beyond our control, habitual tardiness shows a lack of respect for other individuals and their time. If someone is late usually that shows that they more then almost certainly do not care about what their NCO tells them. Time is often a precious gem that should not be wasted at any cost. Should you do not use your time wisely; you are able to in no way get it back. It is a quite specific resource in that you just cannot store it or save it for later. Promptness isn’t only a duty, but can be a part of very good manners; it’s favorable to fortune, reputation, influence, and  usefulness. Lack of punctuality is really a theft of somebody else’s time and a complete lack of respect for others. You need to be punctual in everything you do. Punctuality goes hand in hand with military discipline. Recruits are taught to obey, promptly and with out question, orders from their superiors, appropriate from the day one of boot camp. Military discipline and effectiveness is made over a foundation of obedience to orders. That is why we are supposed work so well being a team. With that being said, being late is becoming a more and more common trend among people of all walks of life, especially in the United States Army. This is completely unacceptable and it violates the Army Values, costs the military more money, and reflects very poorly on the soldier and his first line supervisor. There are many methods available to prevent being late as well as proper steps to take once you know you are going to be late and there is nothing else you can do about it. The Army Values, Leadership, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. When you are late to anything, whether it is a formation or appointment, it goes against nearly all of these values that are instilled in all soldiers. All soldiers are supposed to display the ability to be an effective leader at all times. This is impossible if you are late. For example, if you are a Specialist promotable and late to a few formations that is noticed by the privates around you. Once you make Sergeant they are going to remember those times you were late and question your ability as a leader. It is your duty to follow the orders of those appointed above you as long as they are lawful and moral. When you are told to be at a certain location at a certain time then you are expected to be there. If you can’t perform the simple task of arriving on time, like a formation or keeping an appointment, then it shows that you have no responsibility. Respect is the key to a functioning Army all the way around. Respect must be shown from there is no way you can meet the requirements for duties that require more subordinate to leader, and vice versa from leader to  subordinate. Not arriving to a formation at the appointed time is pure disrespect toward your leaders, and if no respect is shown toward your leader, then it will never be returned to the subordinate. When you chose to be late it shows that you are more worried about yourself than your unit or your career. So in overall, don’t be late. Yes it is understandable that there are going to be those days where the situation was out of your hands. However, most of the time, it’s not. So if any one is planning on making the Army their career for the next 20 years like I am, then start by showing up on time; in fact early so everyone can know that you are taking your job as a Army Soldier seriously.